| Digital Link Budget |
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| Produced Using Satfinder |
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| Service Name |
Unspecified |
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| Coverage |
Unspecified |
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| Uplink earth station |
Denver |
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| Downlink earth station |
Los Angeles |
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| Satellite name |
Telstar 402R |
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| Link Input Parameters |
Up |
Down |
Units |
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| Site latitude |
39.73N |
34.05N |
degrees |
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| Site longitude |
105.00W |
118.25W |
degrees |
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| Site altitude |
1 |
0.1 |
km |
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| Frequency |
14.472 |
12.172 |
GHz |
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| Polarization |
Vertical |
Vertical |
- |
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| Rain model |
ITU (30.3) |
ITU (19.7) |
(mm/h or zone) |
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| Availability (average year) |
99.9 |
99.9 |
% |
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| Water vapour density |
3 |
10 |
gm/m3 |
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| Surface temperature |
10 |
20 |
°C |
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| Antenna aperture |
10 |
0.9 |
metres |
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| Antenna efficiency / gain |
65 |
70 |
% (+ prefix dBi) |
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| Coupling loss |
0.2 |
0 |
dB |
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| Antenna tracking / mispoint error |
0 |
0.3 |
dB |
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| LNB noise figure / temp |
- |
0.75 |
dB (+ prefix K) |
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| Antenna noise |
- |
27 |
K |
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| Adjacent carrier interference |
30 |
30 |
dB |
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| Adjacent satellite interference |
30 |
12 |
dB |
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| Cross polarization interference |
200 |
200 |
dB |
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| Uplink station HPA output back-off |
3 |
- |
dB |
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| Number of carriers / HPA |
1 |
- |
- |
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| HPA C/IM (up) |
200 |
- |
dB |
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| Uplink power control |
0 |
- |
dB |
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| Uplink filter truncation loss |
0 |
- |
dB |
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| Required HPA power capability |
MAX |
- |
W |
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| Satellite Input Parameters |
Value |
Units |
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| Satellite longitude |
89.00W |
degrees |
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| Transponder type |
TWTA |
- |
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| Receive G/T |
1 |
dB/K |
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| Saturation flux density |
-86.05 |
dBW/m2 |
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| Satellite attenuator pad |
0 |
dB |
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| Satellite ALC |
0 |
dB |
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| EIRP (saturation) |
47 |
dBW |
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| Transponder bandwidth |
27 |
MHz |
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| Input back off total |
1 |
dB |
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| Output back off total |
0.3 |
dB |
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| Intermodulation interference |
30 |
dB |
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| Number of transponder carriers |
AUTO |
- |
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| Carrier/Link Input Parameters |
Value |
Units |
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| Modulation |
4-PSK |
- |
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| Required bit error rate performance |
10^-9 |
- |
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| Required Eb/No without FEC coding |
20 |
dB |
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| Required Eb/No with FEC coding |
5.1 |
dB |
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| Information rate |
23.6 |
Mbps |
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| Overhead |
0 |
% |
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| FEC code rate |
0.59 |
- |
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| Spreading gain |
0 |
dB |
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| Reed Solomon code |
1 |
- |
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| (1 + Roll off factor) |
1.2 |
- |
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| Carrier spacing factor |
1.3 |
- |
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| Bandwidth allocation step size |
0.1 |
MHz |
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| System margin |
0.9 |
dB |
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| Calculations at Saturation |
Value |
Units |
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| Gain 1m^2 |
44.67 |
dB/m2 |
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| Uplink C/No |
98.88 |
dB.Hz |
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| Downlink C/No |
89.72 |
dB.Hz |
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| Total C/No |
79.59 |
dB.Hz |
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| Uplink EIRP for saturation |
76.65 |
dBW |
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| General Calculations |
Up |
Down |
Units |
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| Elevation |
41.14 |
39.61 |
degrees |
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| True azimuth |
155.84 |
134.99 |
degrees |
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| Compass bearing |
145.77 |
121.46 |
degrees |
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| Path distance to satellite |
37692.47 |
37809.06 |
km |
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| Propagation time delay |
0.125728 |
0.126117 |
seconds |
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| Antenna efficiency |
65 |
70 |
% |
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| Antenna gain |
61.75 |
39.65 |
dBi |
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| Availability (average year) |
99.9 |
99.9 |
% |
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| Link downtime (average year) |
8.766 |
8.766 |
hours |
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| Availability (worst month) |
99.615 |
99.615 |
% |
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| Link downtime (worst month) |
2.809 |
2.809 |
hours |
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| Spectral power density |
-59.11 |
-26.31 |
dBW/Hz |
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| Uplink Calculation |
Clear |
Rain Up |
Rain Dn |
Units |
| Uplink transmit EIRP |
75.65 |
75.65 |
75.65 |
dBW |
| Transponder input back-off (total) |
1 |
1 |
1 |
dB |
| Input back-off per carrier |
1 |
4.32 |
1 |
dB |
| Mispoint loss |
0 |
0 |
0 |
dB |
| Free space loss |
207.18 |
207.18 |
207.18 |
dB |
| Atmospheric absorption |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
dB |
| Tropospheric scintillation fading |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
dB |
| Atmospheric losses total |
0.18 |
0.18 |
0.18 |
dB |
| Total path loss (excluding rain) |
207.36 |
207.36 |
207.36 |
dB |
| Rain attenuation |
0 |
3.32 |
0 |
dB |
| Uplink power control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
dB |
| Uncompensated rain fade |
0 |
3.32 |
0 |
dB |
| C/No (thermal) |
97.88 |
94.56 |
97.88 |
dB.Hz |
| C/N (thermal) |
24.08 |
20.76 |
24.08 |
dB |
| C/ACI |
30 |
26.68 |
30 |
dB |
| C/ASI |
30 |
26.68 |
30 |
dB |
| C/XPI |
200 |
196.68 |
200 |
dB |
| C/IM |
200 |
200 |
200 |
dB |
| Eb/(No+Io) |
13.26 |
13.26 |
13.26 |
dB |
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| Downlink Calculation |
Clear |
Rain Up |
Rain Dn |
Units |
| Satellite EIRP total |
47 |
47 |
47 |
dBW |
| Transponder output back-off (total) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
dB |
| Output back-off per carrier |
0.3 |
3.62 |
0.3 |
dB |
| Satellite EIRP per carrier |
46.7 |
43.38 |
46.7 |
dBW |
| Mispoint loss |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
dB |
| Free space loss |
205.71 |
205.71 |
205.71 |
dB |
| Atmospheric absorption |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
dB |
| Tropospheric scintillation fading |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
dB |
| Atmospheric losses total |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
dB |
| Total path loss (excluding rain) |
206.11 |
206.11 |
206.11 |
dB |
| Rain attenuation |
0 |
0 |
2.74 |
dB |
| Noise increase due to precipitation |
0 |
0 |
4.14 |
dB |
| Downlink degradation (DND) |
0 |
0 |
6.89 |
dB |
| Total system noise |
81.67 |
81.67 |
212.02 |
K |
| Figure of merit (G/T) |
20.23 |
20.23 |
16.09 |
dB/K |
| C/No (thermal) |
89.42 |
86.1 |
82.53 |
dB.Hz |
| C/N (thermal) |
15.61 |
12.29 |
8.73 |
dB |
| C/ACI |
30 |
26.68 |
30 |
dB |
| C/ASI |
12 |
8.68 |
12 |
dB |
| C/XPI |
200 |
196.68 |
200 |
dB |
| C/IM |
30 |
26.68 |
30 |
dB |
| Eb/(No+Io) |
-4.15 |
-4.15 |
-4.15 |
dB |
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| Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) |
Clear |
Rain Up |
Rain Dn |
Units |
| C/No (thermal) |
79.59 |
79.59 |
79.59 |
dB.Hz |
| C/N (thermal) |
5.78 |
5.78 |
5.78 |
dB |
| C/ACI |
23.19 |
23.19 |
23.19 |
dB |
| C/ASI |
6.15 |
6.15 |
6.15 |
dB |
| C/XPI |
193.19 |
193.19 |
193.19 |
dB |
| C/IM |
26.2 |
26.2 |
26.2 |
dB |
| C/(No+Io) |
59.96 |
59.96 |
59.96 |
dB.Hz |
| C/(N+I) |
-13.85 |
-13.85 |
-13.85 |
dB |
| Eb/(No+Io) |
-13.77 |
-13.77 |
-13.77 |
dB |
| System margin |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
dB |
| Net Eb/(No+Io) |
-14.67 |
-14.67 |
-14.67 |
dB |
| Required Eb/(No+Io) |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
dB |
| Excess margin |
-19.77 |
-19.77 |
-19.77 |
dB |
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| Earth Station Power Requirements |
Value |
Units |
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| EIRP per carrier |
75.65 |
dBW |
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| Antenna gain |
61.75 |
dBi |
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| Antenna feed flange power per carrier |
13.9 |
dBW |
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| Uplink power control |
0 |
dB |
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| HPA output back off |
3 |
dB |
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| Waveguide loss |
0.2 |
dB |
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| Filter truncation loss |
0 |
dB |
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| Number of HPA carriers |
1 |
- |
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| Total HPA power required |
17.1016 |
dBW |
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| Required HPA power capability |
10 |
W |
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| Spectral power density |
-59.11 |
dBW/Hz |
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| Space Segment Utilization |
Value |
Units |
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| Overall link availability |
99.8 |
% |
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| Information rate (inc overhead) |
23.6 |
Mbps |
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| Transmit rate |
40 |
Mbps |
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| Symbol rate |
20 |
Mbaud |
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| Occupied bandwidth |
24 |
MHz |
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| Noise bandwidth |
73.8 |
dB.Hz |
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| Minimum allocated bandwidth required |
26 |
MHz |
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| Allocated transponder bandwidth |
26.1 |
MHz |
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| Percentage transponder bandwidth used |
96.67 |
% |
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| Used transponder power |
46.7 |
dBW |
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| Percentage transponder power used |
100 |
% |
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| Max carriers by transponder bandwidth |
1.03 |
- |
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| Max carriers by transponder power |
1 |
- |
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| Max transponder carriers limited by:- |
Power |
[1.00] |
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| Power equivalent bandwidth usage |
27 |
MHz |
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